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hyper-retention is a new way to study: the same exam, a fraction of the hours. You get your time back, and better grades with it.

hyper-retention feels like getting everything you need to know for your exam just downloaded into your brain. so good, i used it myself to pass my exams.

Dima, co-founder

Inefficient studying is expensive. You pay in time.

Uni never taught you how to learn. Not your fault, but you pay for it every exam period: evenings, weekends, the trip you said no to. hyper-retention gives those hours back, because every hour you do spend lands where the exam looks.

  • Time you win back. Friends, family, travel, sleep. Whatever you want, instead of a sixth reread.
  • Grades that go up. Practising what is asked beats rereading what is written. Every time.
  • A future that notices. The year passed in one round, no resit summer, a transcript that opens doors.
One exam period, 42 days0 days yours
the methodyours

passOS was custom-made for this method.

It reads what you remember, schedules what you almost forgot, and drills what the exam actually asks, so you can win your time back and spend it on what really matters.

What you still remember on exam day
100%50%0Day 1Day 7Examreread once, hope~90%
Spaced retrievals: 90% left on exam dayOne heroic Sunday, then nothing

Drag the slider. The shape is the forgetting curve; the numbers are illustrative, not a measurement of you.

passOS runs it for you.

Which topic is weak, which question comes back, how ready you are. You study; passOS keeps track.

  • Learn. Summaries built from the past exams, highlighted where it counts.
  • Practice. Questions that explain themselves, picked from what you still need to learn.
  • Mock. The real exam before the real exam: same length, same clock, same grading.
app.passtheyear.com/courses/social-psychology/head-in-the-clouds

Head in the clouds

11 pages
Head in the clouds1 / 11
Lecture 1: What is an emotion?
Kassin, Fein & Markus (11th ed.) Ch. 3 (p. 62–64, 89–91), Ch. 4 (p. 110–113) · Meston & Frohlich · Dutton & Aron (1974)
IN SHORTEmotions are goal-relevant reactions with three faces: behaviour, feeling and body. Whether arousal becomes fear, anger or attraction depends on the label your mind gives it, and that label can be wrong.

1.1What is an emotion?

Emotions are experiences that occur when we regard our situation as relevant to our active personal goals. It is a mental state caused by stimuli, characterised by three kinds of change:

  • Our behaviour, how we act.
  • Our subjective experience, how we feel.
  • Our physiology, how the systems of the body function.

The most prominent behaviours are facial expressions. Their perception is comparable across cultures; their expression is not, because of display rules.

1.2Emotion versus mood, and arousal

Emotion
Short-lived, with a clear target.
Mood
Long-lasting, with no target.
Arousal
The state of being activated, such as a raised heart rate or sweating.
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arousalGLOSSARY
The state of being activated, physiologically or psychologically: a raised heart rate, sweating.
Still learningKnow it

Exam-oriented, by design

Most summaries compress the book. Ours start from the exam: what does it actually ask, and what do you need to know to answer it. So every hour counts, and no question in the hall is new to you. Written by students who passed this exact exam, and kept up to date.

pass the year
The current option
What it follows
This year's checklist and past exam questions
Everything in the book, with no sense of what matters
When the course changes
We watch the course pages and update the summary
The same PDF as five years ago
When you find a mistake
Report it inside the platform. We fix it fast and show what changed
Good luck
Who writes it
Students who passed this exact exam, checked line by line
Whoever, whenever, from wherever
When you want to cancel
One click in your account
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15+authors and coaches on the team

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